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Inner Borough of London, England

"Newham" redirects here. For other uses, see Newham (disambiguation)

London borough in United Kingdom

The London Borough of 6️⃣ Newham is a London borough created in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. It covers an area previously administered 6️⃣ by the Essex county boroughs of West Ham and East Ham, authorities that were both abolished by the same act. 6️⃣ The name Newham reflects its creation and combines the compass points of the old borough names. Situated in the Inner 6️⃣ London part of East London, Newham has a population of 387,576, which is the third highest of the London boroughs 6️⃣ and also makes it the 16th most populous district in England. The local authority is Newham London Borough Council.

It is 6️⃣ 5 miles (8 km) east of the City of London, north of the River Thames (the Woolwich Ferry and Woolwich 6️⃣ foot tunnel providing the only crossings to the south), bounded by the River Lea to its west and the North 6️⃣ Circular Road to its east. Newham was one of the six host boroughs for the 2012 Summer Olympics and contains 6️⃣ most of the Olympic Park including the London Stadium, and also contains the London City Airport. Major districts include East 6️⃣ Ham, West Ham, Stratford, Plaistow, Forest Gate, Beckton and Canning Town.

History [ edit ]

The borough was formed on 1 April 6️⃣ 1965 under the London Government Act 1963, as a borough of the newly formed Greater London. It broadly covered the 6️⃣ areas of the county borough of East Ham and the county borough of West Ham that were abolished by the 6️⃣ same act. These in turn were successors to the ancient civil and ecclesiastical parishes of East Ham and West Ham. 6️⃣ Green Street and Boundary Road mark the former boundary between the two. North Woolwich also became part of the borough 6️⃣ (previously being part of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich, south of the river Thames in the County of London) along 6️⃣ with a small area west of the River Roding which had previously been part of the Municipal Borough of Barking. 6️⃣ Newham was devised for the borough as an entirely new name.[1]

Manor of Ham [ edit ]

The area of the modern 6️⃣ borough was at one time occupied by a manor (an estate or landholding with certain legal responsibilities) called 'Ham'. The 6️⃣ name comes from Old English 'hamm' and means 'a dry area of land between rivers or marshland', referring to the 6️⃣ location of the settlement within boundaries formed by the rivers Lea, Thames and Roding and their marshes.[2]

The first known written 6️⃣ use of the term, as 'Hamme', is in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 958, in which King Edgar granted the area 6️⃣ to Ealdorman Athelstan. The territory was undivided at that time. A subsequent charter of 1037 describes a transfer of land 6️⃣ which has been identified with East Ham, indicating that the division of the territory occurred between 958 and 1037.[3]

The Domesday 6️⃣ Book shows landholdings divided further, and by the end of the 12th century these manors were being served, singly or 6️⃣ in groups of manors, by the familiar ancient parishes of West Ham, East Ham and Little Ilford (now also known 6️⃣ as Manor Park), with some areas by the Roding a part of Barking, and the area now known as North 6️⃣ Woolwich attached to Woolwich. The earliest recorded use of the name West Ham, Westhamma, comes in 1186, and East Ham, 6️⃣ Estham, is recorded in 1204.[4]

The boundary between West and East Ham was drawn from the now lost Hamfrith Waste and 6️⃣ Hamfrith Wood in the north (then the southernmost parts of Epping Forest which extended as far south as the Romford 6️⃣ Road at that time), along Green Street down to the small, also lost, natural harbour known as Ham Creek. Ham 6️⃣ Creek was filled-in in the nineteenth century,[5] but the small residual head of the creek still formed the boundary between 6️⃣ the two areas into the late 20th century, when what remained was also filled in.

The formation of the modern borough 6️⃣ in 1965 saw the merger of West and East Ham, together with North Woolwich and Barking west of the River 6️⃣ Roding. Little Ilford had become part of East Ham as part of earlier local government reorganisations.

Medieval period [ edit ]

The 6️⃣ prosperity of the area increased due to the construction of Bow Bridge, the only bridge over the Lea, and the 6️⃣ creation of Stratford Langthorne Abbey.

Governance [ edit ]

A map showing the wards of Newham since 2002

Unlike most English districts, its 6️⃣ council is led by a directly elected mayor of Newham. From 2002 to 2009 one of the councillors had been 6️⃣ appointed as the "civic ambassador" and performed the civic and ceremonial role previously carried out by the mayor. The post 6️⃣ has been discontinued.[6]

At the borough elections held in 2014, the Labour Party won all 60 of the seats on the 6️⃣ council. Sir Robin Wales was re-elected as the borough's Executive Mayor with 61% of the first preference votes cast.

In 2024, 6️⃣ Robin Wales was deselected as the Labour Party mayoral candidate. Rokhsana Fiaz was elected in the position of Executive Mayor, 6️⃣ also for the Labour party.[7]

Coat of arms [ edit ]

The borough adopted West Ham's coat of arms, but with a 6️⃣ motto adapted from that of East Ham.[8]

The arms include the following elements:

The crosier signified the Cistercian Stratford Langthorne Abbey.

The sword 6️⃣ and the red and yellow chevronells are taken from the arms of William de Montfitchet, a major local landowner and 6️⃣ founder of the abbey.

The crossed hammers represent the Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company, once a major local employer.

The ship in 6️⃣ full sail represents the maritime trades and the area's links to the sea.

The arms also include a sun rising in 6️⃣ the east.

The borough's motto, "Progress with the People" is an English translation of East Ham's Latin "Progressio cum Populo".

Greater London 6️⃣ representation [ edit ]

For elections to the Greater London Council, the borough formed the Newham electoral division, electing three members. 6️⃣ In 1973 it was divided into the single-member Newham North East, Newham North West and Newham South electoral divisions.[9] The 6️⃣ Greater London Council was abolished in 1986.

Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly, the borough forms part of the 6️⃣ City and East constituency.

Demography [ edit ]

Population pyramid of Newham in 2024

Population figures [ edit ]

Population Year Pop. ±% 1801 6️⃣ 8,875 — 1811 11,166 +25.8% 1821 13,005 +16.5% 1831 15,553 +19.6% 1841 17,758 +14.2% 1851 24,875 +40.1% 1861 69,355 +178.8% 6️⃣ 1871 113,835 +64.1% 1881 158,314 +39.1% 1891 259,155 +63.7% 1901 338,506 +30.6% 1911 442,158 +30.6% 1921 448,081 +1.3% 1931 454,096 6️⃣ +1.3% 1941 377,508 −16.9% 1951 313,837 −16.9% 1961 271,858 −13.4% 1971 235,496 −13.4% 1981 209,131 −11.2% 1991 221,146 +5.7% 2001 6️⃣ 243,737 +10.2% 2011 307,984 +26.4% 2024 351,030 +14.0% Source: A Vision of Britain through time, citing Census population

Newham has, after 6️⃣ Barnet and Croydon, the third highest population of the London boroughs, with a population numbering 382,984 as of 2024. Despite 6️⃣ growing since the 1980s, it is still drastically lower than its pre-war peak. In the period between 1951 and 1981, 6️⃣ Newham's population shrunk by 28.87% owing to factors such as the war bombings and the increasingly high unemployment. The redevelopment 6️⃣ of the Docklands as well as development related to the 2012 Olympics have contributed to reversing its declining trend.[10]

Ethnicities [ 6️⃣ edit ]

Population pyramid of Newham by ethnicity in 2024

Ethnic makeup of Newham in single year age groups in 2024

UK born 6️⃣ and foreign born population pyramid in Newham in 2024. Males and females representing the UK born population while foreign males 6️⃣ and females representing the foreign born population.

Newham has the youngest overall population and one of the lowest White British populations 6️⃣ in the country according to the 2011 UK Census. The borough has the second-highest percentage of Muslims in the UK, 6️⃣ after the neighbouring London Borough of Tower Hamlets, at 32%. A 2024 report from Trust for London and the New 6️⃣ Policy Institute found that 36% of local employees in Newham are in low paid work; the highest percentage of any 6️⃣ London borough. Newham also has a 37% poverty rate, which is the second-highest rate in London.[11]

Newham is very ethnically diverse. 6️⃣ When using Simpson's Diversity Index on 10 aggregated ethnic groups, the 2001 UK Census identified Newham as the most ethnically 6️⃣ diverse district in England and Wales, with 9 wards in the top 15.[12] However, when using the 16 ethnic categories 6️⃣ in the Census so that White Irish and White Other ethnic minorities are also included in the analysis, Newham becomes 6️⃣ the second-most ethnically diverse borough[13] with six out of the top 15 wards, behind Brent with 7 out of the 6️⃣ top 15 wards.

Newham has the lowest percentage of White British residents of all of London's boroughs.[14][15] The joint-lowest wards with 6️⃣ White British population are Green Street East and Green Street West, each having 4.8% – the third-lowest behind Southall Broadway 6️⃣ and Southall Green in Ealing. East Ham North follows closely, at 4.9%.[16]

As of the 2024 UK census, people of "Bangladeshi" 6️⃣ ethnicity are the largest single group in the borough at 15.9%. "White British" are the second largest group at 14.8%, 6️⃣ with "White Other" third largest at 14.6%, "African" fourth largest at 11.6%, "Indian" next largest at 11% and then "Pakistani" 6️⃣ at 8.9%. Newham has had a large Asian community for many decades; more than half of Newham's Upton and Kensington 6️⃣ wards were of ethnic minority origin in 1981.[17] The nationality to increase the most in number since 1991 is the 6️⃣ Bangladeshi community.[18] Newham has the largest total population of Asian origin in London; it is notably a borough with high 6️⃣ populations of all three largest British Asian nationalities, having the 5th highest Indian population in London and the 2nd highest 6️⃣ each for both Pakistani and Bangladeshi.[19]

Newham has 1,340 residents who were born in Ukraine, the highest population of Ukrainians in 6️⃣ the UK.[20]

Health [ edit ]

In 2024, Newham had the lowest life expectancy and the highest rate of heart disease of 6️⃣ all London boroughs together with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.[26]

In 2024, the BBC reported that Newham had the highest 6️⃣ rate of tuberculosis in the UK at 107 per 100000 population, which was higher than Rwanda (69) and Iraq (45) 6️⃣ according to WHO figures from 2013. More than 80% of TB cases in London occur in people born abroad. The 6️⃣ UK average was 13.[27]

Religion [ edit ]

Religious makeup of Newham by single year age groups in 2024

The following table shows 6️⃣ the religious identity of residents residing in Newham according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2024 censuses.

Religion 2001[29] 2011[30] 2024[31] 6️⃣ Number % Number % Number % Christian 114,247 46.8 123,119 40.0 123,746 35.3 Muslim 59,293 24.3 98,456 32.0 122,146 34.8 6️⃣ Jewish 481 0.2 342 0.1 448 0.1 Hindu 16,901 6.9 26,962 8.8 21,405 6.1 Sikh 6,897 2.8 6,421 2.1 5,638 6️⃣ 1.6 Buddhism 1,592 0.7 2,446 0.8 2,160 0.6 Other religion 664 0.3 1,090 0.4 1,765 0.5 No religion 21,978 9.0 6️⃣ 29,373 9.5 50,795 14.5 Religion not stated 21,838 9.0 19,775 6.4 22,933 6.5 Total 243,891 100.00% 307,894 100.00% 351,100 100.0%

Education 6️⃣ [ edit ]

A 2024 report by Trust for London and the New Policy Institute finds that the GCSE attainment gap 6️⃣ between advantaged and disadvantaged pupils in Newham is the 4th best out of 32 London boroughs.[32]

Schools and colleges [ edit 6️⃣ ]

The Borough is the education authority for the district providing education in a mix of Foundation, community and voluntary aided 6️⃣ schools.[33] The borough also owns and operates Debden House, a residential adult education college in Loughton, Essex, and is home 6️⃣ to the Rosetta Art Centre, a dedicated visual art organisation which delivers courses at its base in Stratford and produces 6️⃣ participatory art projects, programmes and initiatives. The Essex Primary School in Sheridan Road with over 900 pupils is one of 6️⃣ the biggest primary schools in London.

University [ edit ]

The University of East London has two campuses in Newham:

Birkbeck Stratford is 6️⃣ a collaboration between Birkbeck, University of London and UEL to increase participation in adult learning. This is based on the 6️⃣ UEL/Birkbeck shared campus, USS (University Square Stratford), in the centre of Stratford.

The University of East London had formed a partnership 6️⃣ with the United States Olympic Committee which resulted in the United States Olympic Team using University of East London campuses 6️⃣ as training bases during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.[34]

Places of interest [ edit ]

Community [ edit ]

The Hub, 6️⃣ a community resource centre built by the local community, in Star Lane, E16, featuring up to the minute "green" features 6️⃣ [ clarification needed ]

Grassroots, another innovative green resource centre built by the community. Grassroots is in Memorial Recreation Ground, E15

Rosetta 6️⃣ Art Centre, situated in walking distance to Grassroots, also in E15

Libraries [ edit ]

Newham has ten libraries (Beckton, Canning Town, 6️⃣ Custom House, East Ham, Green Street, Manor Park, North Woolwich, Plaistow, Stratford and Forest Gate).[35]

Museums [ edit ]

North Woolwich Old 6️⃣ Station Museum. Closed in 2008. [36]

Three Mills, a mill complex on the east bank of the River Lea. A trading 6️⃣ site for nearly a thousand years, the House Mill was built in 1776 and was (and remains) the country's largest 6️⃣ tide mill. It has been restored and contains much of its original machinery including four large waterwheels, millstones and grain 6️⃣ chutes.

Markets [ edit ]

There are a number of local markets in the Borough, including Queens Market, which the council was 6️⃣ controversially seeking to redevelop. The proposal was successfully opposed by Friends of Queens Market.

Parks and open spaces [ edit ]

80 6️⃣ hectares within the borough are designated as part of the Metropolitan Green Belt.

Performance [ edit ]

Green Street where the population 6️⃣ is predominantly South Asian

Shopping and exhibitions [ edit ]

Sport [ edit ]

Newspapers [ edit ]

The local newspaper is the Newham 6️⃣ Recorder.[39]

Districts [ edit ]

See List of districts in the London Borough of Newham for the full list, including neighbourhoods or 6️⃣ localities which form part of the areas listed below.

Building 1000 – Newham Council Headquarters

Parishes [ edit ]

The borough is covered 6️⃣ by the following ecclesiastical parishes of the Church of England:

Transport [ edit ]

Since the 1980s, public transport in Newham has 6️⃣ undergone many upgrades and improvements are still continuing to this day.

The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) first opened in 1987, and 6️⃣ was extended from Tower Hamlets through to Beckton in 1994. The network and has undergone many extensions since, including to 6️⃣ serve London City Airport, as well as Stratford International station in 2011 after its High Speed 1 link opened in 6️⃣ late 2009. The Jubilee Line Extension was completed in 1999, including new or improved stations at Canning Town, West Ham 6️⃣ and Stratford. The DLR network compensates for Newham's lack of tube stations, of which there are only 6, in comparison 6️⃣ with other London boroughs. The Crossrail scheme - opening as the Elizabeth line in 2024 - also delivered improved rail 6️⃣ connections to several stations as it heads through the borough on an east west axis. Of the 28 stations in 6️⃣ Newham, only 4 stations lack step free access - thanks to the recent age of many of the stations in 6️⃣ the borough.

As a result of all the recent developments, the borough contains one of only two airports located within the 6️⃣ Greater London boundary and currently the only railway station outside of central London that is served by high speed rail.

London 6️⃣ City Airport is in Newham

List of stations [ edit ]

Travel to work [ edit ]

In March 2011, the main forms 6️⃣ of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light rail, tram, 23.0% of all residents aged 6️⃣ 16–74; driving a car or van, 7.6%; bus, minibus or coach, 7.6%; train, 7.2%; on foot, 4.1%; work mainly at 6️⃣ or from home, 1.4%; bicycle, 1.0%.[40]

River services [ edit ]

Woolwich Ferry

Royal Wharf

Cable car [ edit ]

International services [ edit ]

Bus 6️⃣ routes [ edit ]

Over 30 London Buses bus routes serve the London Borough of Newham, with main interchanges at Stratford, 6️⃣ Stratford City and Beckton bus stations, with large bus interchanges also available at East Ham and Upton Park.[42]

Town twinning [ 6️⃣ edit ]

Newham is twinned with:

Freedom of the Borough [ edit ]

The following people and military units have received the Freedom 6️⃣ of the Borough of Newham.

Individuals [ edit ]

Military Units [ edit ]

G Company 7th Battalion The Rifles: 23 June 2012.[45]

Notable 6️⃣ people [ edit ]

See also [ edit ]

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